Kedah (Jawi: قدح, also known by its Arabic honorific, Darul Aman, or "Abode of Peace") is a state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia. The state covers a total area of over 9,000 km², and it consists of the mainland and Langkawi. The mainland has a relatively flat terrain, which is used to grow rice. Langkawi is an archipelago of islands, most of which are uninhabited. Kedah was called Syburi (Thai: ไทรบุรี) by the Siamese when it was under their influence.
Kedah borders the state of Perlis and shares an international boundary with the Songkhla and Yala provinces of Thailand to the north. It also borders the state of Perak to the south and Penang to the southwest.
The state's capital and royal seat is Alor Setar.
Constitution
Kedah's Constitution was promulgated by its Ruler in July 1950 and its full title in English is The Laws of the Constitution of Kedah.
The various provisions laid down in the Constitution include the role and powers of the Monarch, the State Parliament and the State's Civil Service.
The Sultan of Kedah
The Sultan of Kedah is the constitutional ruler of the State. His position is hereditary and he holds office for life. The Ruler is the head of the religion of Islam in the State and the executive power of the state government is vested in him.
State Executive Council
The State Executive Council, which along with the Sultan is Kedah's executive branch of government. It is composed of the Menteri Besar, who is its chairman and Kedah's head of government, and ten other members. The Menteri Besar and other members of the council are appointed by the Sultan of Kedah from members of the Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Assembly).
Kedah State Assembly
The state also has a legislative branch, called the State assembly. It is similar to the Parliament but is limited to making laws relating to the state. Its members are elected in elections which are usually held simultaneously with federal elections. The term of each state assembly member is limited to five years. The state assembly must be dissolved before or once it expires its term for a fresh election to elect its members.
Administrative divisions
Modern Kedah is divided into 12 administrative districts or "daerah" in Malay. These 12 districts, are further divided into administrative Municipal councils (Majlis Bandaraya/Perbandaran and Daerah):
* Baling
Majlis Daerah Baling (MDB)
* Bandar Baharu
Majlis Daerah Bandar Baharu (MDBB)
* Kota Setar, contains Alor Setar
Majlis Bandaraya Alor Setar (MBAS)
* Kuala Muda contains Sungai Petani
Majlis Perbandaran Sungai Petani (MPSPK)
* Kubang Pasu
Majlis Daerah Kubang Pasu (MDKP)
* Kulim
Majlis Perbandaran Kulim (MPK)
Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan Perindustrian Hi-Tech Kulim (HI-TECH Kulim)
* Pulau Langkawi
Majlis Perbandaran Langkawi Bandaraya Pelancongan (MPLBP)
* Padang Terap
Majlis Daerah Padang Terap (MDPT)
* Pendang
Majlis Daerah Pendang (MDP)
* Pokok Sena
Majlis Bandaraya Alor Setar (MBAS)
* Sik
Majlis Daerah Sik (MDS)
* Yan
Majlis Daerah Yan (MDY)
Langkawi
The Langkawi International Airport is located at Padang Matsirat and it is also considered a tourist attraction as the Langkawi International Maritime and Aerospace Exhibition takes place every 2 years near the airport. The airport handled almost 1.2 million passengers and over 41,000 aircraft movements in 2008. It serves as the primary gateway into Langkawi.
In 2007, Langkawi Island was given a World Geopark status by UNESCO.
Kedah's Constitution was promulgated by its Ruler in July 1950 and its full title in English is The Laws of the Constitution of Kedah.
The various provisions laid down in the Constitution include the role and powers of the Monarch, the State Parliament and the State's Civil Service.
The Sultan of Kedah
The Sultan of Kedah is the constitutional ruler of the State. His position is hereditary and he holds office for life. The Ruler is the head of the religion of Islam in the State and the executive power of the state government is vested in him.
State Executive Council
The State Executive Council, which along with the Sultan is Kedah's executive branch of government. It is composed of the Menteri Besar, who is its chairman and Kedah's head of government, and ten other members. The Menteri Besar and other members of the council are appointed by the Sultan of Kedah from members of the Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Assembly).
Kedah State Assembly
The state also has a legislative branch, called the State assembly. It is similar to the Parliament but is limited to making laws relating to the state. Its members are elected in elections which are usually held simultaneously with federal elections. The term of each state assembly member is limited to five years. The state assembly must be dissolved before or once it expires its term for a fresh election to elect its members.
Administrative divisions
Modern Kedah is divided into 12 administrative districts or "daerah" in Malay. These 12 districts, are further divided into administrative Municipal councils (Majlis Bandaraya/Perbandaran and Daerah):
* Baling
Majlis Daerah Baling (MDB)
* Bandar Baharu
Majlis Daerah Bandar Baharu (MDBB)
* Kota Setar, contains Alor Setar
Majlis Bandaraya Alor Setar (MBAS)
* Kuala Muda contains Sungai Petani
Majlis Perbandaran Sungai Petani (MPSPK)
* Kubang Pasu
Majlis Daerah Kubang Pasu (MDKP)
* Kulim
Majlis Perbandaran Kulim (MPK)
Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan Perindustrian Hi-Tech Kulim (HI-TECH Kulim)
* Pulau Langkawi
Majlis Perbandaran Langkawi Bandaraya Pelancongan (MPLBP)
* Padang Terap
Majlis Daerah Padang Terap (MDPT)
* Pendang
Majlis Daerah Pendang (MDP)
* Pokok Sena
Majlis Bandaraya Alor Setar (MBAS)
* Sik
Majlis Daerah Sik (MDS)
* Yan
Majlis Daerah Yan (MDY)
Langkawi
The Langkawi International Airport is located at Padang Matsirat and it is also considered a tourist attraction as the Langkawi International Maritime and Aerospace Exhibition takes place every 2 years near the airport. The airport handled almost 1.2 million passengers and over 41,000 aircraft movements in 2008. It serves as the primary gateway into Langkawi.
In 2007, Langkawi Island was given a World Geopark status by UNESCO.
The Flag of Kedah
The Coat of Arms of Kedah
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